Fog lights are useful when the visibility is very poor and less than the range of the headlights on dip beam. Modern dip beams have a better cut-off than the old Lucas units, so fog lights are pretty useless now unless used instead of dipped headlights in very poor visibility when the need is to see the side of the road and the centre line and when the dipped headlights throw back too much glare. This is, indeed, very rare now, but I can still remember the old 'pea-soupers' of smog in the 1960's when even with dipped headlights the side of the road could not be seen. Typically, when using fog lights, the sped of the vehicle should not be more than about 20 mph. If you can drive safely, even in the bad visibility, at over 20 mph then dipped headlights would be OK and fog lights useless.
I can recall having to drive on just a pair of fog-lights in 2nd gear for several miles to get home with the headlights switched of and even the dash lights switched off to reduce the glare. Not much fun! But that was in around 1963 in my 850 Mini which had a pair of fog-lights (and a single centre-mounted long range Lucas SLR700 spotlight). Even the dipped headlights were useless and just threw the light back at the screen.
On rally cars angled fog-lights used to be useful to see small junctions on either side when hurrying on very narrow tracks on the typical road rallies of days long gone.
As an aside, I had a friend who used to say that if one used full beam and spotlights in thick fog and wore poleroid sun-glasses one could see much better. I was never convinced
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